Integrand size = 23, antiderivative size = 180 \[ \int \frac {A+B x}{\sqrt {x} \left (a+b x+c x^2\right )} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {2} \left (B-\frac {b B-2 A c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {c} \sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \left (B+\frac {b B-2 A c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {c} \sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \]
arctan(2^(1/2)*c^(1/2)*x^(1/2)/(b-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2))*2^(1/2)*(B+(2 *A*c-B*b)/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/c^(1/2)/(b-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2)+arctan( 2^(1/2)*c^(1/2)*x^(1/2)/(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2))*2^(1/2)*(B+(-2*A*c+B *b)/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/c^(1/2)/(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2)
Time = 0.34 (sec) , antiderivative size = 181, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.01 \[ \int \frac {A+B x}{\sqrt {x} \left (a+b x+c x^2\right )} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {2} \left (\frac {\left (-b B+2 A c+B \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac {\left (b B-2 A c+B \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {c} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \]
(Sqrt[2]*(((-(b*B) + 2*A*c + B*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]* Sqrt[x])/Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]] + ((b*B - 2*A*c + B*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[x])/Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]))/(Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a *c])
Time = 0.33 (sec) , antiderivative size = 182, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.01, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 3, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.130, Rules used = {1197, 1480, 218}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {A+B x}{\sqrt {x} \left (a+b x+c x^2\right )} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1197 |
\(\displaystyle 2 \int \frac {A+B x}{c x^2+b x+a}d\sqrt {x}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1480 |
\(\displaystyle 2 \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (B-\frac {b B-2 A c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\frac {1}{2} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )+c x}d\sqrt {x}+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {b B-2 A c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+B\right ) \int \frac {1}{\frac {1}{2} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )+c x}d\sqrt {x}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 218 |
\(\displaystyle 2 \left (\frac {\left (B-\frac {b B-2 A c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac {\left (\frac {b B-2 A c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+B\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}}\right )\) |
2*(((B - (b*B - 2*A*c)/Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[x]) /Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c] ]) + ((B + (b*B - 2*A*c)/Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[x ])/Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a* c]]))
3.11.12.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(Rt[a/b, 2]/a)*ArcTan[x/R t[a/b, 2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b]
Int[((f_.) + (g_.)*(x_))/(Sqrt[(d_.) + (e_.)*(x_)]*((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c _.)*(x_)^2)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[2 Subst[Int[(e*f - d*g + g*x^2)/(c*d^2 - b*d*e + a*e^2 - (2*c*d - b*e)*x^2 + c*x^4), x], x, Sqrt[d + e*x]], x] /; Fr eeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, g}, x]
Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] : > With[{q = Rt[b^2 - 4*a*c, 2]}, Simp[(e/2 + (2*c*d - b*e)/(2*q)) Int[1/( b/2 - q/2 + c*x^2), x], x] + Simp[(e/2 - (2*c*d - b*e)/(2*q)) Int[1/(b/2 + q/2 + c*x^2), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ[c*d^2 - a*e^2, 0] && PosQ[b^2 - 4*a*c]
Time = 0.61 (sec) , antiderivative size = 168, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.93
method | result | size |
derivativedivides | \(8 c \left (-\frac {\left (2 A c +B \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-B b \right ) \sqrt {2}\, \operatorname {arctanh}\left (\frac {c \sqrt {x}\, \sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {\left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) c}}\right )}{8 c \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\, \sqrt {\left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) c}}+\frac {\left (-2 A c +B \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}+B b \right ) \sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {c \sqrt {x}\, \sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {\left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) c}}\right )}{8 c \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\, \sqrt {\left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) c}}\right )\) | \(168\) |
default | \(8 c \left (-\frac {\left (2 A c +B \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-B b \right ) \sqrt {2}\, \operatorname {arctanh}\left (\frac {c \sqrt {x}\, \sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {\left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) c}}\right )}{8 c \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\, \sqrt {\left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) c}}+\frac {\left (-2 A c +B \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}+B b \right ) \sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {c \sqrt {x}\, \sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {\left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) c}}\right )}{8 c \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\, \sqrt {\left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) c}}\right )\) | \(168\) |
8*c*(-1/8*(2*A*c+B*(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)-B*b)/c/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)*2^(1/2)/(( -b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2)*arctanh(c*x^(1/2)*2^(1/2)/((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2 )^(1/2))*c)^(1/2))+1/8*(-2*A*c+B*(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)+B*b)/c/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1 /2)*2^(1/2)/((b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2)*arctan(c*x^(1/2)*2^(1/2)/((b+ (-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2)))
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 1577 vs. \(2 (140) = 280\).
Time = 0.92 (sec) , antiderivative size = 1577, normalized size of antiderivative = 8.76 \[ \int \frac {A+B x}{\sqrt {x} \left (a+b x+c x^2\right )} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
1/2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(-(B^2*a*b - (4*A*B*a - A^2*b)*c + (a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)*s qrt((B^4*a^2 - 2*A^2*B^2*a*c + A^4*c^2)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))/(a*b^2 *c - 4*a^2*c^2))*log(sqrt(2)*(A*B^2*a*b^2 + 4*A^3*a*c^2 - (4*A*B^2*a^2 + A ^3*b^2)*c + (4*(2*B*a^3 - A*a^2*b)*c^2 - (2*B*a^2*b^2 - A*a*b^3)*c)*sqrt(( B^4*a^2 - 2*A^2*B^2*a*c + A^4*c^2)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))*sqrt(-(B^2* a*b - (4*A*B*a - A^2*b)*c + (a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)*sqrt((B^4*a^2 - 2*A^2*B^ 2*a*c + A^4*c^2)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))/(a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)) - 4*(B ^4*a^2 - A*B^3*a*b + A^3*B*b*c - A^4*c^2)*sqrt(x)) - 1/2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(-(B^ 2*a*b - (4*A*B*a - A^2*b)*c + (a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)*sqrt((B^4*a^2 - 2*A^2* B^2*a*c + A^4*c^2)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))/(a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2))*log( -sqrt(2)*(A*B^2*a*b^2 + 4*A^3*a*c^2 - (4*A*B^2*a^2 + A^3*b^2)*c + (4*(2*B* a^3 - A*a^2*b)*c^2 - (2*B*a^2*b^2 - A*a*b^3)*c)*sqrt((B^4*a^2 - 2*A^2*B^2* a*c + A^4*c^2)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))*sqrt(-(B^2*a*b - (4*A*B*a - A^2 *b)*c + (a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)*sqrt((B^4*a^2 - 2*A^2*B^2*a*c + A^4*c^2)/(a^ 2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))/(a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)) - 4*(B^4*a^2 - A*B^3*a*b + A^3*B*b*c - A^4*c^2)*sqrt(x)) + 1/2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(-(B^2*a*b - (4*A*B*a - A ^2*b)*c - (a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)*sqrt((B^4*a^2 - 2*A^2*B^2*a*c + A^4*c^2)/( a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))/(a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2))*log(sqrt(2)*(A*B^2*a*b^2 + 4*A^3*a*c^2 - (4*A*B^2*a^2 + A^3*b^2)*c - (4*(2*B*a^3 - A*a^2*b)*c^2 - (2*B*a^2*b^2 - A*a*b^3)*c)*sqrt((B^4*a^2 - 2*A^2*B^2*a*c + A^4*c^2)/(a^...
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 4488 vs. \(2 (165) = 330\).
Time = 8.44 (sec) , antiderivative size = 4488, normalized size of antiderivative = 24.93 \[ \int \frac {A+B x}{\sqrt {x} \left (a+b x+c x^2\right )} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
Piecewise((A*log(sqrt(x) - sqrt(-a/b))/(b*sqrt(-a/b)) - A*log(sqrt(x) + sq rt(-a/b))/(b*sqrt(-a/b)) - B*a*log(sqrt(x) - sqrt(-a/b))/(b**2*sqrt(-a/b)) + B*a*log(sqrt(x) + sqrt(-a/b))/(b**2*sqrt(-a/b)) + 2*B*sqrt(x)/b, Eq(c, 0)), (-A*log(sqrt(x) - sqrt(-b/c))/(b*sqrt(-b/c)) + A*log(sqrt(x) + sqrt(- b/c))/(b*sqrt(-b/c)) - 2*A/(b*sqrt(x)) + B*log(sqrt(x) - sqrt(-b/c))/(c*sq rt(-b/c)) - B*log(sqrt(x) + sqrt(-b/c))/(c*sqrt(-b/c)), Eq(a, 0)), (2*sqrt (2)*A*b*c*log(sqrt(x) - sqrt(2)*sqrt(-b/c)/2)/(2*b**2*c*sqrt(-b/c) + 4*b*c **2*x*sqrt(-b/c)) - 2*sqrt(2)*A*b*c*log(sqrt(x) + sqrt(2)*sqrt(-b/c)/2)/(2 *b**2*c*sqrt(-b/c) + 4*b*c**2*x*sqrt(-b/c)) + 8*A*c**2*sqrt(x)*sqrt(-b/c)/ (2*b**2*c*sqrt(-b/c) + 4*b*c**2*x*sqrt(-b/c)) + 4*sqrt(2)*A*c**2*x*log(sqr t(x) - sqrt(2)*sqrt(-b/c)/2)/(2*b**2*c*sqrt(-b/c) + 4*b*c**2*x*sqrt(-b/c)) - 4*sqrt(2)*A*c**2*x*log(sqrt(x) + sqrt(2)*sqrt(-b/c)/2)/(2*b**2*c*sqrt(- b/c) + 4*b*c**2*x*sqrt(-b/c)) + sqrt(2)*B*b**2*log(sqrt(x) - sqrt(2)*sqrt( -b/c)/2)/(2*b**2*c*sqrt(-b/c) + 4*b*c**2*x*sqrt(-b/c)) - sqrt(2)*B*b**2*lo g(sqrt(x) + sqrt(2)*sqrt(-b/c)/2)/(2*b**2*c*sqrt(-b/c) + 4*b*c**2*x*sqrt(- b/c)) - 4*B*b*c*sqrt(x)*sqrt(-b/c)/(2*b**2*c*sqrt(-b/c) + 4*b*c**2*x*sqrt( -b/c)) + 2*sqrt(2)*B*b*c*x*log(sqrt(x) - sqrt(2)*sqrt(-b/c)/2)/(2*b**2*c*s qrt(-b/c) + 4*b*c**2*x*sqrt(-b/c)) - 2*sqrt(2)*B*b*c*x*log(sqrt(x) + sqrt( 2)*sqrt(-b/c)/2)/(2*b**2*c*sqrt(-b/c) + 4*b*c**2*x*sqrt(-b/c)), Eq(a, b**2 /(4*c))), (-sqrt(2)*A*b*c*sqrt(-b/c - sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2)/c)*log(sqrt(x...
\[ \int \frac {A+B x}{\sqrt {x} \left (a+b x+c x^2\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {B x + A}{{\left (c x^{2} + b x + a\right )} \sqrt {x}} \,d x } \]
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 1406 vs. \(2 (140) = 280\).
Time = 0.76 (sec) , antiderivative size = 1406, normalized size of antiderivative = 7.81 \[ \int \frac {A+B x}{\sqrt {x} \left (a+b x+c x^2\right )} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
1/2*((sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^4 - 8*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c + s qrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b^2*c - 2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^ 3*c - 2*b^4*c + 16*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a^2*c^2 + 8*sqr t(2)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b*c^2 + sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^2*c^2 + 16*a*b^2*c^2 + 2*b^3*c^2 - 4*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c + sqr t(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*c^3 - 32*a^2*c^3 - 8*a*b*c^3 - sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a* c)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^3 + 4*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt( b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b*c + 2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^2*c - sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b*c^2 + 2*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b^2*c - 8*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*c^2 - 2*(b^ 2 - 4*a*c)*b*c^2)*A - 2*(2*a*b^2*c^2 - 8*a^2*c^3 - sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a* c)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b^2 + 4*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqr t(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a^2*c + 2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b*c - sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b ^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*c^2 - 2*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*c^2)*B)*arctan(2*sqrt(1/2)*sqrt(x )/sqrt((b + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c))/c))/((a*b^4 - 8*a^2*b^2*c - 2*a*b^3*c + 16* a^3*c^2 + 8*a^2*b*c^2 + a*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^2*c^3)*abs(c)) + 1/2*((sqrt(2)*sqr t(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^4 - 8*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)* c)*a*b^2*c - 2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^3*c + 2*b^4*c + 1 6*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a^2*c^2 + 8*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c ...
Time = 10.89 (sec) , antiderivative size = 4141, normalized size of antiderivative = 23.01 \[ \int \frac {A+B x}{\sqrt {x} \left (a+b x+c x^2\right )} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
- atan((((-(B^2*a*b^3 + B^2*a*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + A^2*b^3*c - A^2*c *(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + 16*A*B*a^2*c^2 - 4*A^2*a*b*c^2 - 4*B^2*a^2*b*c - 4*A*B*a*b^2*c)/(2*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*(x^(1/ 2)*(8*b^3*c^2 - 32*a*b*c^3)*(-(B^2*a*b^3 + B^2*a*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + A^2*b^3*c - A^2*c*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + 16*A*B*a^2*c^2 - 4*A^2*a*b* c^2 - 4*B^2*a^2*b*c - 4*A*B*a*b^2*c)/(2*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^ 4*c)))^(1/2) - 8*A*b^2*c^2 + 32*A*a*c^3) + x^(1/2)*(16*A^2*c^3 - 16*B^2*a* c^2 + 8*B^2*b^2*c - 16*A*B*b*c^2))*(-(B^2*a*b^3 + B^2*a*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3) ^(1/2) + A^2*b^3*c - A^2*c*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + 16*A*B*a^2*c^2 - 4*A ^2*a*b*c^2 - 4*B^2*a^2*b*c - 4*A*B*a*b^2*c)/(2*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*1i + ((-(B^2*a*b^3 + B^2*a*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + A^2*b^3*c - A^2*c*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + 16*A*B*a^2*c^2 - 4*A^2*a*b*c^ 2 - 4*B^2*a^2*b*c - 4*A*B*a*b^2*c)/(2*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4* c)))^(1/2)*(x^(1/2)*(8*b^3*c^2 - 32*a*b*c^3)*(-(B^2*a*b^3 + B^2*a*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + A^2*b^3*c - A^2*c*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + 16*A*B*a^2 *c^2 - 4*A^2*a*b*c^2 - 4*B^2*a^2*b*c - 4*A*B*a*b^2*c)/(2*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a ^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) + 8*A*b^2*c^2 - 32*A*a*c^3) + x^(1/2)*(16*A^ 2*c^3 - 16*B^2*a*c^2 + 8*B^2*b^2*c - 16*A*B*b*c^2))*(-(B^2*a*b^3 + B^2*a*( -(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + A^2*b^3*c - A^2*c*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + 16* A*B*a^2*c^2 - 4*A^2*a*b*c^2 - 4*B^2*a^2*b*c - 4*A*B*a*b^2*c)/(2*(16*a^3...